Environments

The ecosystems

Coral reefs, kelp forests, hydrothermal vents, abyssal plains... every ecosystem has its own rules, and its own residents.

4 species · 2 oceans

Sea Ice

Sea ice itself as an ecological structure: a solid platform for hauling out, breathing holes, hunting edges. Found in both the Arctic and the Antarctic — not simply another way of saying "cold sea", but a distinct physical habitat that certain species depend on directly.

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4 species · 2 oceans

Kelp forest / seaweed meadow

True underwater forests of giant seaweed, a refuge and pantry for abundant wildlife.

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35 species · 4 oceans · 1 sea

High seas / open water

The great open expanses of the ocean, far from shore, home to the great pelagic migrants.

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2 species · 2 oceans · 1 sea

Mangroves

Flooded coastal forests at the boundary between land and sea, an essential nursery for many species.

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22 species · 3 oceans · 3 seas

Coral reef

One of the most biodiverse ecosystems on the planet, built by colonies of coral.

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3 species · 1 ocean

Hydrothermal vents

Underwater volcanic chimneys where life does entirely without sunlight, fed instead by chemosynthesis.

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